Steel slag is the waste slag produced in the metallurgical industry. It is composed of various oxides formed by the oxidation of silicon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and other impurities in pig iron during the smelting process, and the salts formed by the reaction of these oxides with the solvent.
Blast furnace slag is a by-product of the blast furnace ironmaking process. In the process of iron making, iron oxide is reduced to metallic iron, and impurities such as silica and alumina in iron ore react with lime to form a melt with silicate and aluminosilicate as the main components, which are then quenched to form a molten metal. The loose and porous granular material is blast furnace slag.
Steel slag contains a variety of useful components: 2% to 8% of metallic iron, 40% to 60% of calcium oxide, 3% to 10% of magnesium oxide, and 1% to 8% of manganese oxide, so it can be used as a raw material for iron and steel metallurgy.
The chemical composition of slag includes oxides such as CaO, SiO₂, Al₂O₃, MgO, MnO, Fe₂O₃ and a small amount of sulfides such as CaS, MnS, etc. Generally speaking, the content of CaO, SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ accounts for more than 90%.
There are two main ways for the comprehensive utilization of steel slag as a secondary resource. One is to recycle it in the factory as a smelting solvent, which can not only replace limestone, but also recover a large amount of metallic iron and other useful elements from it; the other is to grind it through a vertical mill. Later, it is widely used in cement and concrete admixture to realize the high-value resource utilization of steel slag. In industrial production, blast furnace slag also plays an important role, especially in some major factories. The blast furnace slag is processed and ground into slag micropowder. GGBFS is a concrete admixture with superior performance. The use of slag micropowder has become an important measure for the international cement industry to reduce cement costs.

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